Page 72 - Сигурност и отбрана - брой 1 - 2025

Сигурност и отбрана, брой 1, 2025 г. Научно списание

https://doi.org/10.70265/FKJC9739

INTERVENTION METHODS IN CONTROL AND

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OF UNMANNED AERIAL
VEHICLES, ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF SIGNAL
QUALITY

Fakhreddin Aghayev, Asad Rustamov, Mehman Binnatov,

Mukhtar Azizullayev, Aliagha Sahibcanov

Summary: This research investigates the methods of radio-electronic warfare
(REW) against the control and communication systems of unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs) and analyzes the performance of their telemetry systems. The growing use of
UAVs in both military and civilian applications makes it essential to prevent REW
interventions targeting their communication and control systems.
The study analyzes the effects of GPS jamming, spoofing, electromagnetic pulses
(EMP), cyberattacks, and artificial intelligence-based interference technologies on
UAVs. REW interventions are used to disrupt UAV communication, cause loss of control,
or render them functionally inoperative. In particular, blocking or falsifying GNSS
signals can cause UAVs to operate with incorrect coordinates or completely lose control.
The distance-dependent changes in communication parameters such as Path Loss
(PL) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in UAV communication systems were modeled
using the Python programming language. Graphs showing the relationship between
distance and Path Loss, and distance and SNR were generated using the Matplotlib
library.
The diagrams indicate that high-frequency modules (XBee PRO S2C – 2.4 GHz)
experience greater Path Loss and a faster decline in communication quality. In contrast,
low-frequency modules (RFD900+ – 900 MHz and TBS Crossfire – 868 MHz) provide
more stable communication and allow signals to propagate over longer distances.
The findings of this study show that enhancing the resilience of UAVs to REW
attacks requires the use of low-frequency communication modules, implementation of
anti-jamming technologies, and development of defense strategies such as adaptive
frequency hopping. This research provides a scientific foundation for improving the
effectiveness of UAV control and communication systems against REW interference.

Keywords: UAV, GPS, GNSS, REW, Autonomous flight mode, Electromagnetic
pulse, Signal jamming, Anti-jamming technologies, Telemetry, Path Loss, Python,
Matplotlib

INTRODUCTION
In recent years, various types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have
been increasingly utilized on the battlefield and in operations, transforming

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